3. Post operative care and discharge

The postoperative period will depend on the type of surgery performed, its complexity, and each patient’s overall condition.

  • In some cases, the surgery will be outpatient, allowing discharge the same day
  • In others, hospitalization for one or more days will be necessary for monitoring, pain control, and follow-up

Discharge instructions


Before discharge, the medical team will provide clear and detailed information about:

  • Prescribed medication: (pain relievers, antibiotics, or other medications if needed)
  • Surgical wound care: hygiene, dressings, and normal signs of the healing process
  • Permitted physical activity: initial relative rest and gradual progression of activities
  • Diet: specific instructions depending on the type of surgery
  • Date of the postoperative follow-up visit
  • Warning signs to watch for

These instructions may be provided in writing and will be explained clearly to the patient and their companions.

Warning signs: when to consult

While most patients recover favorably, it is important to know when to seek medical advice.
It is recommended to contact the medical team or go to an emergency department if any of the following symptoms appear:

  • Persistent fever (generally higher than 38 °C)
  • Severe or worsening pain that does not improve with the prescribed medication
  • Marked redness, local warmth, or progressively increasing swelling in the surgical area
  • Purulent discharge, foul odor, or persistent bleeding from the wound
  • Difficulty swallowing or breathing
  • Voice changes that worsen instead of improving
  • New or progressive facial weakness, marked asymmetry, or difficulty moving any part of the face
  • Persistent nausea or vomiting
  • Significant general malaise that was not present previously

If you have any doubts, even if the symptom is not on this list, it is better to consult. Early communication makes it possible to resolve simple situations and provides reassurance to the patient and their family.

Support during recovery

The medical and administrative team will remain available to support you throughout the entire recovery process, answer questions, and guide you with any concerns.

The goal is for the postoperative period to proceed in the safest, most orderly, and most comfortable way possible, promoting proper recovery and a gradual return to usual activities.

Surgical wound care

Every surgical wound is different. Its size, location, and closure method depend on the type of surgery performed and each patient’s characteristics. For this reason, at the time of discharge your surgeon will explain in a personalized way how to care for your wound and which specific instructions you must follow.

Below are general recommendations that usually apply in most cases, unless the medical team indicates otherwise.

HYGIENE AND SHOWERING

In general, surgical wounds can get wet.

  • Patients may bathe, preferably using a shower.
  • It is recommended to use water and mild soap, without rubbing directly over the wound.
  • • After bathing, the area should be dried gently with a clean towel, without dragging or creating friction.

No special washes or complex care are necessary, unless specifically indicated by a physician.


POOL, SEA, AND IMMERSION WATER

Unlike a shower, activities involving prolonged immersion in water, such as:

  • Swimming pools
  • Sea
  • Jacuzzis or bathtubs

usually require a longer waiting period before being authorized.

This is because pool or sea water can increase the risk of infection or affect proper healing. The recommended time to resume these activities varies depending on the type of surgery and the wound’s evolution, so it will be indicated individually by the medical team during postoperative follow-up visits.


BANDAGES AND DRESSINGS

Depending on the type of wound:

  • An initial bandage or dressing may be applied.
  • In some cases, you will be told when it can be removed at home.
  • In others, the patient will be scheduled for a follow-up visit and bandage removal in the office.

The medical or nursing team will clearly explain how to proceed in each case. If you have doubts, it is important not to remove bandages without consulting.



USE OF ANTISEPTICS

In most cases, it is not necessary to apply antiseptics to the wound (alcohol, hydrogen peroxide, povidone-iodine, or other similar products).

Unnecessary use of these products can irritate the skin and delay healing. For this reason, unless expressly indicated by the surgeon, it is not recommended to apply any product to the wound.



AESTHETIC CARE AND SCARRING

Scarring depends on multiple factors, but some general care helps achieve better aesthetic results.

AVOID TENSION ON THE WOUND

  • Avoid sudden movements or efforts that create excessive tension in the operated area.
  • Follow the recommendations regarding relative rest and physical activity.

SUN PROTECTION

Sun exposure is one of the most important factors in how a scar evolves.

  • Avoid direct sun exposure during the first months.
  • The sun can cause the scar to become darker, more visible, or thicker.
  • If exposure is unavoidable, appropriate protection will be recommended.

CREAMS AND SCAR PRODUCTS

  • In some cases, the surgeon may recommend specific creams or silicone-based products.
  • In others, it may not be necessary to use any product.
  • Always follow medical instructions and avoid self-medication.

Suture removal

Suture removal is not always necessary.

  • In some cases, absorbable sutures are used and do not need to be removed.
  • In others, they will need to be removed in the office.

The timing of removal varies depending on the surgery, the location of the wound, and individual healing.

It is important to clarify that, despite a common myth, suture removal is usually not painful. It may cause mild discomfort, but it is generally quick and well tolerated.

Support during the postoperative course

The medical team will support the patient throughout the entire postoperative process, not only in relation to the wound, but also in all aspects of recovery.

This follow-up may include:

  • In-person appointments
  • Video calls
  • Direct communication in case of doubts or concerns

The goal is to detect any issues early, resolve questions, and provide reassurance during recovery.

Normal course and when to consult

During the first few days, it is normal to observe:

  • Mild swelling
  • Moderate redness
  • A feeling of tightness or local sensitivity

It is recommended to consult if you notice:

  • Intense and progressive redness
  • Pain that increases instead of improving
  • Discharge with a foul odor or a purulent appearance
  • Persistent bleeding
  • Wound opening

If you have any doubts, even if the symptom is not on this list, it is preferable to consult the medical team.

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